International Involvement Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Involvement Paper - Essay Example In principle, each state must mind its own business and must respect the business of other independent states. However, in practice, this was not as easy as it seemed because these states related to each other in matters of commercial, political, cultural or humanitarian interests. Pickett (p. 13-14) added that the educational training and mental biases of historians of international relations affected their analysis of how America’s government behaved during the period. Pickett’s short article covered the whole period from the success of the American Revolution in the late 18th century to the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century. Having gained independence from England, the young American state continued to be concerned with the matter of how to guarantee its survival against European nations that were always intent on imperialism or the expansion of their respective empires through conquest. Newly independent from imperialist England, America faced a quandary throughout most of the nineteenth century that touched on the young state’s conscience: since conquest meant having to go against the freedom of other peoples and their governments, how could America justify its involvement in international affairs that may involve going to war? Pickett (1992, p. 14) cited the importance of the Monroe Doctrine as â€Å"the first and – in the nineteenth century – the most important American diplomatic principle. Through the Doctrine the United States first asserted interests in the Western Hemisphere.† The Monroe Doctrine, based on an 1823 Congressional address by President James Monroe, called for U.S. indifference to European affairs and for European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere or the Americas. Thus, until the late nineteenth century, America’s policy was not to engage other nations, i.e., to be internationally isolationist. Several events in the

Ideas of Adam Smith, Niccolo Machiavelli, Karl Polanyi, Jean-Jacques Essay

Ideas of Adam Smith, Niccolo Machiavelli, Karl Polanyi, Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Essay Example Machiavelli reiterates that crimes may win an empire but they can never win glory moreover he believed necessary wars were just wars and that the arms of a nation are hallowed when it lacks other resources apart from fight. In addition, concerning the markets, Machiavelli considers increase of land and things to be core (Machiavelli 13-14). Rousseau believes in a monarchy that guarantees the needs and the universal will of its people are executed. He believes the pressing interest of a ruler is his most indispensible duty is observing the laws of which the individual is the minister and on which the whole authority is founded. Moreover, he considers social actions to be reciprocal in nature thus impracticable for anyone to position himself beyond the law without relinquishing the advances of the law in a sovereign country. Rousseau believes that the government is not the master of the law but it is much of guarantor of the law and posses many means of inspiring love of it, which makes the talent of reigning. Rousseau believes that people are born amoral however, when people enter society they acquire the capacity for vice as well as the capability for virtue. Rousseau’s analysis regarding vice is comprehensible and well developed which exemplifies that vice results from competition. According to Rousseau, human beings are born free but in many political societies they are subjected to a form of dependence that amounts to slavery. Moreover, Rousseau considers two kinds of inequality that include natural and contrived inequalities but only natural inequalities are acceptable. As well, Rousseau believes justice is impossible to achieve in a world that is stark of social inequality in addition he believes that concentrations of wealth increases inequality (Rousseau 8). In wealth of nations, Smith closely ties liberation of the desire for wealth to commerce and free market, which he considered the most effective way of satisfying that desire, which is synonymous with Rousseau’s view on governance. Thus in Smith’s view, life is ceaselessly driven by desire, anxiety and fear hence life is eternally filled with disturbance and disquiet (Fitzgibbons 3). Smith considers people by nature to have a tendency for improving their circumstances through buildup of goods of affluence, status a nd power. Smith considers the accumulation of wealth as means that jeopardizes tranquility as opposed to producing it, which is also synonymous with Rousseau regarding personal interest. Therefore, both perspectives of Smith and Rousseau consider the pursuits of wealth to be deeply misleading; for instance, Smith argues on the condition of the material world (Gudz 2). Polanyi in The Great Transformation clarified precincts of self-regulating markets and currently there is no reputable, intellectual hold for the proposition that markets by themselves result in competent, let alone equitable outcomes. This view is also synonymous with Rousseau model which considered the concentration of wealth to be the cause of increase in inequality. Polanyi addresses a certain defect in self-regulating economy which involves the relationship between the economy and society in how economic systems affect the way people relate to one another. This view is also considered by Rousseau who believed accu mulation of w

Panera Bread Video Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Panera Bread Video Case Study - Essay Example The case is relevant to the analysis of the various concepts of management given that the CEO manages to address various concepts of management. Connecting management functions Effectiveness & Efficiency The video relates to the concept of effectiveness and efficiency in the sense that the CEO noted that the company has managed to maintain quality in its products. The CEO highlights the fact that there is standardization of quality across all the branches of the company in efforts to reduce duplication. In terms of efficiency, the company saves on time by delivering its services on time without much delay. The video highlights employees of the company engaging in various activities in haste. Four functions of management and the order in which managers perform each function Planning Planning involves the manager determining the goals of the business and how the business is going to achieve such goals. This is based on the vision and mission statement of the company. In the case of Pan era Bread, the company established a vision at the start of the business and has managed to follow the vision all through (Lipman 19). Organizing Organizing involves managers allocating resources and assigning employees tasks that are in line with the achievement of the company vision. ... Panera Bread CEO is such a great leader because of his working style. He spends a great deal of his time around the business and this motivates his employees towards delivering quality services. Controlling Controlling involves monitoring of performance to ensure that the goals of the company are being met. The CEO of Panera Bread notes that the business has been critical on the issue of expanding its operations because they want the business to meet its visions. There is the use of customer feedback in an effort to match results with performance. Reflections on insights, ideas and questions The greatest insight from the Panera Bread Video case study is that the survival of a business majorly depends on is vision. Vision outlines the expected achievement of the business within a predetermined time period (Lipman 20). The CEO of Panera Bread noted that the company has managed to pursue its vision that it had determined when the company was being incorporated. This has had the effect o f ensuring that the business puts its focus on its objectives. It is no wonder that Panera Bread has remained relevant and competitive for a long period of time. The other insight is that a successful business should incorporate the mentality of people serving people instead of people serving the business. Panera Bread CEO notes that this ensures that the business exists for the sake of serving customers and getting them satisfied. There is also the idea that entrepreneurs should be passionate about doing business in addition to having the desire to make money out of the business. This ensures that the business owner gives out the best of his or her potential and that there is active involvement in the operations of the business (Lipman 23). Despite being the

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source Essay

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source - Essay Example Furthermore, safe ways for the disposal of nuclear waste should be devised so that no harm can be brought to people who come into contact with it and to the environment. Since the construction of more nuclear power plants depends on the goodwill of all the political groups involved, then it is advisable for all these parties to come to a consensus on how to best deal with the issue (Sains, 2001). The nuclear plants should be constructed and while this is being done, all the safety concerns of those who are skeptical about it should be addressed to ensure that all the parties are working together to create a safe and efficient source of energy. There are many advantages for the use of nuclear energy in the United States and these may be political, economic, and environmental among others. There are many economic benefits for the construction of nuclear power plants in the United States as a source of energy. One of these benefits is that very small amounts of raw materials are require d for the production of a large amount of nuclear energy (Cavallaro, 2010). Moreover, since these raw materials are required in such small quantities, they can be easily transported from one place to another even globally. The operation of nuclear power stations at their full capacity will ensure that cheap electricity is available in the market and that more people will be able to afford it. Nuclear power is a reliable source of energy because the average lifespan of a nuclear reactor is forty years and this lifespan can be extended by another twenty years (Weeks, 2006). Although the initial cost of constructing a nuclear plant is high, the cost of running it afterwards is relatively low and this makes it a very good investment. Nuclear power is very environmentally friendly because no harmful emissions are released into the environment during the process of producing energy, as compared to other sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Nuclear plants require very little space to co nstruct and because of this it has very little impact on the environment. It can be used to produce large amounts of energy at very little environmental cost compared to other sources of energy because nothing needs to be burned in order to produce energy (Clemmitt, 2010). Throughout the nuclear fuel cycle, all the byproducts produced are accounted for and it is carefully stored to ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the environment. It has been said of nuclear energy that since the beginning of the industrial revolution, it is the only industry which has managed to account for all of its waste that has a potential to harm the environment. The use of nuclear energy may also have a political impact on the United States especially at the international level. In the recent decades, the United States has, on numerous occasions, had to go to war in other countries to secure its energy interests. A very good example of this has been the First and the Second Gulf Wars whose main pu rpose was to secure the supply of oil. The use of nuclear energy would greatly reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign sources of energy because it would have more than enough for its domestic needs and it would even be able to export some of the surplus electricity to neighboring countries. Furthermore,

Todays Supply Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Todays Supply Chain - Assignment Example Technology has to be incorporated too to ensure swift and real time communication between in the process. Traits of the best supply chains are characterized by sustained good performance, which can be measured by the rates of deliveries made to customers. Some of the traits include strategic supplier partnership, information sharing, customer relationship, internal lean practices, information quality and postponement. Strategic supplier partnership, involves a long standing relationship between the suppliers and the companies. This is usually designed to align the strategies of the suppliers with that of the company. Secondly, there should be appropriate customer relationship which determines the way in which companies manage the complaints of their customers and maintain a long term relationship. Furthermore there is need to develop a win-win relationship. At the same time, it is important to settle on the effects of a third customer logistic provider relationship on the companies green logistic performance. Thirdly, there is need to develop well defined information sharing between the employees and the customer should be shared with adequate determination on its effects. Information shared should be adequate, accurate, current credible and to ensure enhanced performance and increased relationship. In addition, the supply chain management should be inclusive of the extent to which there are waste elimination practices and creation of value with the chain supply. Lastly a good supply chain practice should determine the postponement endures so as to minimize on the losses. Once a company develops a risk management plan of a supply chain, then it is said to have a mature supply chain. In this case, companies have well assessed risks that can cause a disruption on the normal supply chain and work towards mitigating

Free

Free will Determinism Essay Free will is the power to choose among real alternative possibilities. To have free will is to have what it takes to act freely. When an agent acts freely (when she exercises her free will) what she does is up to her. A plurality of alternatives is open to her, and she determines which she pursues. When she does, she is an ultimate source or origin of her action. So runs a familiar conception of free will. Incompatibility holds that we act freely in this sense only if determinism is false. Some say little more about what, besides indeterminism, free will requires. And, yes, the task of providing an incompatibility account is not an easy one. If the truth of determinism would prevent free will, it is far from obvious how indeterminism would help. To assess the point to which free will is compatible with Determinism, one must first consider other approaches to the concept of free will and whether we, in fact, possess it. A Hard Determinist, such as Honderich, would claim that individuals are not free to initiate actions or make moral decisions, by this means making the concept of moral responsibility unnecessary. Any moral decisions we make have uncontrollable prior causes. Therefore, a Hard Determinist would support the premise that free will and Determinism are not compatible with one another. Completely different to Hard Determinism is Libertarianism, with which free will is closely compatible. Proponents of this position, such as Kant, maintain that we are all free and should take full moral responsibility for our actions. Between these two extremes stands Compatibilism. Classical Compatibilists, such as Hume, state that most moral decisions are the result of both external determined forces and an internal act of volition or will. In fact, they go so far as to say that true freedom requires causation, without which there would be randomness. Undeniably then, the idea of free will is incompatible with Hard Determinism. A Compatibilist or Soft Determinist, however, would prove false the claim that the two concepts are incompatible. Arguably then, Libertarianism would seem to present the most convincing approach to the issue of free will, in that it acknowledges the role of the individual in moral decision making because of their free will, while accepting that the persons background will, influence the choices they make. Hard Determinism on the other hand, holdsthat we do not have free will and that all seemingly moral actions are the consequences of prior events that are out of our control. The incompatibility between this position and freedom results in the statement that it is unreasonable to hold people responsible for what they do, making praise and blame redundant. If no one is free to do otherwise than they in fact do, it does seem unfair to punish bad actions while rewarding good ones. Furthermore, Science has proved that the world is governed by cause and effect. For a Hard Determinist, human beings are the same as material things, in that they are controlled by the same laws of nature. Our wills, which we believe to be freely gained, are actually the result of a causal chain stretching back into childhood. The fact we are governed by our genes and our environment  means  that our ability to make moral decisions as free agents, is an illusion. Therefore, the Hard Determinist position seems to be incompatible with the concept of free will.

Video Case Study Essay Example for Free

Video Case Study Essay 1. In the 21st century what trends in the environmental forces (social, economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory) (a) work for and (b) work against success for Prince Sports in the Tennis industry? a) The social media and technology have helped the success for Prince Sports. b) The economy and competitors work against the success of Prince Sports. 2. Because sales of Prince Sports in Tennis-related products depends heavily on growth of the tennis industry, what marketing activities might it use in the U. S. to promote tennis playing? They could hold local city tournaments. They could also sponsor a tennis team or donate tennis rackets to a school to promote playing tennis. 3. What promotional activities might Prince use to reach (a) recreational players and (b) junior players? a) School sponsorship, hosting junior tournaments, web advertisements, social media presence. 4. What might Prince do to help it gain distribution and sales in (a) mass merchandisers like Target and Wal-Mart and (b) specialty tennis shops? a) Focus on circulars (ads in Wal-Mart paper) organizing tennis rackets in a positive way that could increase sales. Find a way to sell their rackets for cheap. b) Suggest sponsoring an athlete or create custom displays in the store. Focus on wall space, and making the best racket. Personal selling, and market the product to the important people. 5. In reaching global markets outside the U.S. (a) what are some criteria that Prince should use to select countries in which to market aggressively, (b) what three or four countries meet these criteria best, and (c) what are some marketing actions Prince might use to reach these markets? a) Are there professionals from the country, Economy status, Demographics, b) Germany, United Kingdom, France, Czech Republic, c) Find an athlete and convince them to be sponsored by your company.

Total Quality Management at Jaguar UK

Total Quality Management at Jaguar UK The desire to improve efficiency and productivity may be considered as the primary motivation for a company in transferring the manufacturing operations offshore. However, experiences of companies that decided to transfer manufacturing offshore reveal that transferring operations offshore could have negative implications to the business, hence could not guarantee efficiency and productivity improvements. Therefore for Jaguar, keeping the manufacturing operations in the UK may be considered more appropriate. It should be noted that the primary market of Jaguar cars is in the UK, whereby keeping manufacturing operations in the UK may be considered more efficient. Furthermore, other factors that were considered in proposing to retain the manufacturing operations the UK include the following: Firstly, the difference in the time zone in the manufacturing site and the distribution zone could affect effective coordination between manufacturing and sales. Secondly, differences in language co uld create barriers to effective coordination between manufacturing and other departments such as marketing, design, and sales among others. Thirdly, transferring manufacturing operations offshore could increase risks, as the initiative require significant investments primarily for building the manufacturing plant and in purchasing equipments. Finally, transferring manufacturing operations offshore could lead to recruitment and training issues, as the company would be required to recruit and train large number of personnel to man the operations in the new plant. Conversely, rather than transferring the operations offshore, the company may instead consider on adopting quality management tools and approaches to improve its efficiency and productivity. The succeeding outlines proposal for implementing quality management at Jaguar-UK. Furthermore, the proposal includes possible quality management tools and methods that the company may use to improve the business in the UK. Proposal for Implementing Total Quality Management at Jaguar-UK This proposal is presented to your office in an attempt to reverse the company managements decision to transfer the manufacturing operations of Jaguar cars in the UK offshore. Assumption is that transferring manufacturing operations offshore could affect the quality and services of the firm. Rather than transferring the manufacturing operations offshore, the company may instead focus on improving performance through Total Quality Management practices and approaches. As claimed by the Chartered Management Institute (2006), which is a distinguished professional accrediting organization in UK, the successful implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) can lead to improvements in the quality of products and services, reductions in the waste of resources, and overall increase in efficiency and productivity. Furthermore, as a result of improvements in product and services, firms may be able to develop competitive advantage and eventually increase market share (Chartered Management Institute, 2006). More importantly, implementing TQM also helps improve employee motivation, as TQM programs and practices enforce employee participation and empowerment (Chartered Management Institute, 2006). In view of the benefits claimed by the Chartered Management Institute, Jaguar could greatly benefit from introducing TQM in the organization. For organizations that seek to adopt TQM, the outline of activities provided by the Chartered Management Institute could provide valuable insights. Jaguar Cars could adopt the guidelines provided by the Chartered Management Institute. Accordingly, organizations that seek to implement TQM needs to: Firstly, establish a planning team or a steering committee, which would serve as the lead agent that would drive the organization through the changes. In establishing the steering committee, the organization has to ensure that all sectors of the organization are represented. Secondly, assess the need to change, whereby the organization needs to consider its competitive position and at the same time establish key customers and their respective needs. Thirdly, define the vision, whereby the organization needs to draft a vision statement pertaining to customer satisfaction and quality improvement. Next, describe the standard of service, whereby the organization needs to translate the vision in to measurable deliverables. Then, assess how the organization performs as compared to standards, which involves measuring current performance. Afterwards, conduct a review of the current level of wastage, which involves determining the wastage level in the organization. Next, calculate the current level of costs, which involves assessing the cost mechanism in the organization. After that, decide whether to seek accreditation from third party, which include deciding whether to adopt a quality management system. Subsequently, develop a quality strategy, which involves drafting quality goals and objectives based on the assessment of wastage level conducted previously. Next in line, establish an action plan for change, whereby the organization needs to focus on the organizational culture to be able to implement the changes seamlessly. Then, create education and training plans to introduce the organization to the concepts of TQM, including the basic principles, objectives, and benefits d erived from adopting the philosophy. Next, set priorities for the introduction of TQM focus on selecting priority processes for improvement. Finally, determine goals and criteria for success and this involves establishing measures for success. Using the framework provided by the Chartered Management Institute, Jaguars quest to adopting TQM begins with creating a TQM group or unit in the organization, with a TQM Champion to head the group. The TQM group would be responsible in overseeing all TQM-related activities and programs. Afterwards, the next activity is to conduct an internal assessment to determine areas for change or improvement. The next activity is to create a vision that would serve as the guide for all its quality improvement programs. Subsequently, Jaguar needs to establish standards that would serve as internal benchmarks. Afterwards, Jaguar needs to assess current condition with standards to determine gaps. After assessing current condition versus standards, Jaguar may now proceed to assessing levels of wastage and costs. Once Jaguar completed these activities, the company may now decide whether to seek third party accreditation as a way of strengthening its drive towards the adoption of TQM. Other activitie s involved in adopting TQM into the organization include establishing a quality strategy; developing an action plan for change; creating training plan for workers; and determining quality goals and objectives. After introducing TQM in the organization, the company may now implement TQM programs and practices, which could help improve specific systems and processes in the organization. The TQM programs and practices serve as tools in addressing specific problems and issues in the organization. Assumption is that Jaguar would not have difficulty in adopting TQM, as this concept has been widely adopted by manufacturing firms. The TQM concept was adopted by Japanese car manufacturers such as Toyota Motor Corporation, which is a recognized brand in the global car industry. Among the TQM-related concepts and practices introduced by Japanese car manufacturers is the 5S, which is a philosophy that focuses on the importance of good housekeeping, orderliness, standardization, and discipline in the workplace. Originally, 5S stands for five Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke. The English translations of the five words are as follows: sweep, systematize, sanitize, standardize, and self-discipline. Seiri refers to keeping the workplace clean by sorting and taking away unnecessary things and objects that could block movement and increase chances of errors or mistakes. With Seiri, workplaces are kept clean and tidy, thereby allowing workers to move freely, which could contribute to productivity improvement. An example of a practice related to Seiri in the workplace is keeping removing unwanted items or making the workplace clutter-free. It should be noted that a clutter-free workplace could create a more conducive work environment for the workers and in the process promote a positive work environment that fosters productivity. Seiton on the other hand, refers to keeping the workplace well organized and hence more systematic. With Seiton, everything is kept in proper places, hence reducing time spent for retrieving or getting required materials and items. For example, materials and tools are placed in a specific location; hence facilitate quick and efficient retrieval. Another example of a practice under Seiton is keeping frequently used materials and tools at hand, hence limit unnecessary movement that could affect productivity. Generally, Seiton minimizes waste of time relevant to unnecessary movements or actions that could negatively impact efficiency and productivity. Seiso in particular refers to keeping the workplace always clean by encouraging everybody to clean their respective areas. With Seiso all members of the organization take responsibility in keeping their areas clean by wiping dusts, throwing away wastes, and keeping the floors clean. Under Seiso, every member of the organization is encouraged to make it a practice to begin and end their workday with cleaning their workstations. Meanwhile, Seiketsu refers to standardizing clean-up, which includes defining standards through which workers must comply to. A vital initiative under Seiketsu is implementing visual standards to help maintain orderliness and at the same standardize the workplace. Examples of visual standards include color-coding and visual guides to help enforce compliance. Finally, Shitsuke refers to enforcing self-discipline or commitment to maintain and enforce the first four Ss. With Shitsuke, all members of the organization make it habit to keep the workplace clutter-free, organized, and clean, and at the same time comply with standards. The last S is important, as it determines the continuity of the first four Ss. The 5S framework is generally simple yet effective in improving productivity and efficiency in the workplace. In this regard, Jaguar may consider on adopting this simple practice as a means of minimizing wastes and at the same time improving performance. To successfully introduce 5S to the workers, Jaguar may consider on conducting 5S orientations to formally launch the program. All workers will be scheduled for a 5S orientation on a staggered basis in order to ensure the continuity of the production operations. Aside from 5S, another well-known TQM practice is the Six Sigma, which is also termed as TQM on steroids (Heuring, 2004). Six Sigma was first introduced by Motorola, a world-renowned high tech company (Heuring, 2004). The Six Sigma methodology follows this pattern: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (Heuring, 2004). Motorola and other large companies disclosed achieving huge savings from adopting Six Sigma into the organization. Motorola in particular revealed saving $16 billion over the last twelve years of implementing Six Sigma practices. Dow on the other hand, reported $1.6 billion in savings from adopting Six Sigma. Ford also disclosed saving $1 billion from adopting Six Sigma into the organization. From the experiences of the companies that reaped hugged savings from adopting Six Sigma, Jaguar may also be expected to achieve huge savings from adopting this particular quality management philosophy. Companies that intend to adopt Six Sigma starts by holding an executive summit, which is a two-day seminar that seeks to formally introduce the concept more particularly to the senior management and leaders of the organization. Motorola originally termed the executive summit as leadership jumpstart event (Heuring 2004). The executive summit is usually conducted or facilitated by consulting firms or professionals (i.e., black belts) that specialize in Six Sigma. More importantly, top management also has to express commitment to the initiative, as effective leadership is essential to the successful introduction of the concept to the organization. In addition, focusing more on encouraging workers to support the adoption of Six Sigma is also essential. In this regard, Jaguar may need on communicating the benefits of adopting Six Sigma as a way of motivating workers to participate and support the program. In closing, the decision to transfer manufacturing operations offshore may have some advantages, but there are also disadvantages to consider. In view of the disadvantages, proposal is to retain the manufacturing operations in the UK and instead adopt total quality management in the workplace to improve productivity and efficiency. Adopting TQM into the organization is expected to result to huge improvements and benefits. The decision to adopt TQM into the organization follows a certain process endorsed by a professional accrediting organization. Among the widely adopted TQM concepts and practices are the 5S, which originated from Japanese car manufacturers; and Six Sigma, which was developed by Motorola. Jaguar could expect to reap more benefits from adopting TQM.

Lumbar fusion Essay -- Health, Diseases, Back Pain

In 1993, Will, a 49-year-old pipeline welder started experiencing back pain. At first he believed the pain was due to normal muscle strain after working hard on the job, but many years later the pain still hadn't subsided, and had become increasingly worse. In 2002, Will was experiencing higher levels of pain in his lower back, and pain traveling down the back of his left leg. Over the course of a year this pain grew into a stabbing sensation in his thigh, that would come and go in electric shock like bursts. Will was having a difficut time working with sudden onsets of debilitating pain so he decided to take some time off from work and consult his doctor. Will's first examination by his primary care physician consisted of testing his flexibility and checking his back muscles for stiffness and spasms after performing load bearing exercises. Will's doctor found signs of a muscle strain, so he sent him home with a prescription of ibuprofen, and advised Will to take some time off work to rest. Taking things easy after two weeks off from work hadn't improved Will's condition, so he returned to see his doctor. X-rays were taken and the doctor discovered signs of arthritis in Will's spine. The doctor wasn't sure of his diagnosis, so he reffered Will to a spine therapy specialist to undergo physical therapy in hopes that the pain might be alleviated after strengthening the back muscles. If the back pain still didn't improve after taking these measures, an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the lumbar area would be considered. Low back pain is the fifth most common reason for all physician visits in the United States, [1] so when doctors see patients with cases of chronic lower back pain like Will's, they typically suggest medicati... ...her important consideration is that artificial disc replacement surgery requires an anterior approach through the stomach, and can cause major damage to important blood vessels, intestines, and urinary system components. Will's herniated discs are located in the lower lumbar region, and these vertabae have a low degree of flexation compared to vertabrae higher up in the spine. This means that replacement discs won't aid that much in retaining mobility, and lumbar fusion won't reduce flexation by that high of a degree. The experience of the surgeon should also be taken into consideration, and few surgeons have adequate experience with total disc replacement at this time. These reasons lead me to believe that a lumbar fusion would be the safest surgery for Will, providing adequate pain relief, and wouldn't limit his range of motion enough to warrant replacement discs.

Low Voter Turnout is NOT a Significant Problem in the United States Ess

Low Voter Turnout is NOT a Significant Problem in the United States The different strategies in political campaigning have led to lower voter turnout and less political participation by the general public according to Steven Schier in his book, "Payment Due: A Nation In Debt, A Generation In Trouble." Different public and private interest groups can link these downturns to the changing political strategies and the lobbying of the government. Political participation and lower voter turnout is something that we should not be concerned about and doesn’t pose a significant problem in the United States. The low level of political engagement that Schier says is going to be approximately 50% of the citizenry can be explained in many ways. One of the reasons for the low level is what Martin Wattenberg points as being the citizenry lacking party identification. People are tending to not identify with a party and therefore not vote solely for that party. Wattenberg claims that some saw the lack of party identification to have implication that seemed quite threatening for democracy (Wattenberg, 23-25). Keefe points out that â€Å"strong partisans are less numerous than in the past. Split-ticket voting is common everywhere. Most voters do not view parties in a favorable light (Keefe, 74).† With the lack of party identification has come the rise of parties of accommodation. Parties of accommodation have made it impossible for the number of citizens engaged in politics to remain as high as it once was. If the party does not stand for something than people aren’t a s interested in making a stand with the party. In the 2000 election there where 2 parties of accommodation running candidates of accommodation against each ot... ...y. The two major parties ensure that people with the same basic ideas and the same basic goal for the country, such the life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, will remain in power. Schier’s concerns have basis to them, but in the end the United States political structure will continue to run. The presidents may become indistinguishable from each other but they will still have the same general goals and the same outlook. The average American citizen may not be interested in and may not participate in politics, but politics in general will remain the same. The elite will run the country and the average citizen will either voice their opinion by voting or ride the shirt tales of other voters. Politics may be exclusive, but the exclusive elite is chosen by the masses. Timothy J Penny, Steve Schier. Payment Due: A Nation In Debt, A Generation In Trouble

Racism in Huck Finn Essay -- Racist Literature Huckleberry Finn Mark T

Racism in Huck Finn Kids are often exposed to books long before they are ready for them or exposed to them in a manner that seems almost calculated to evaporate whatever enthusiasm the student may bring to them. Very few youngsters of high school age are ready for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Leaving aside its subtle depiction of racial attitudes and its complex view of American society, the book is written in a language that will seem baroque, obscure and antiquated to many young people today. The vastly sunnier Tom Sawyer is a book for kids, but The Adventures for Huckleberry Finn most emphatically is not. (Baker 114) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been considered one of Mark Twain's best works. Huckleberry Finn, Jim and Tom Sawyer are the main characters in the book. The book is a story about Huck Finn who is the son of a harsh drunkard. Huck decides to run away to Jackson's Island in the middle of the Mississippi River. He finds Miss Watson's slave, Jim, while on the island. They decide to head to the free states, but along the way, they run into many problems including getting into a feud between the Grangerfords and Sheperdsons and meeting two thieves. After overcoming a lot of troubles, Huck goes to the Phelps' who just happen to be relation to Tom Sawyer and are expecting Tom. Huck acts as if he is Tom for a long while. Finally, word comes that Jim is free because Miss Watson freed him before she died. As the story ends, Huckleberry decides once again that he will head up north and leaves without telling a single soul. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a racist book. Probably the most discussed aspect of the book is how it addresses the issue of race. Many critics agree that the book’s presentation of the issue is complex or, some say, uneven. No clear-cut stance on race and racism emerges, yet the book uses racist language, was accepted in the time period in which it was written, and may have a negative effect on students who read the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand this argument, it is important to look at the background of this problem. Despite the fact that Huck comes to respect Jim as a human being, he still reveals his prejudice towards black people. Dianne Telgen, a contemporary Latina writer, tells us that Huck’s astonishment at Jim’s deep feelings for his family is accompanied by the statement â€Å"I do beli... ...ckleberry Finn. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987. Fisher, John. Readings On The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Katie de Koster, ed. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 1998. Gilliam, Dorothy. Readings On The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Katie de Koster, ed. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 1998. Henry, Peaches. â€Å"The Struggle for Tolerance: Race and Censorship in Huckleberry Finn.† A Case Study in Critical Controversy: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Ed. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. New York: Bedford Books, 1995. 359-382. Robbins, Fred. Personal interview. 11 October 2000. Serafin, Steven R. ed. â€Å"Samuel Clemens.† Encyclopedia of American Literature. New York: Continuum Publishing Company, 1999. Shockley, W.B. and A.R. Jenson. Readings On The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Katie de Koster, ed. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 1998. Telgen, Dianne, ed. Novels for Students. Volume 1. New York: Gale Research, 1997. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Amsco School Publications, Inc., 1972 Wallace, John. â€Å"Huckleberry Finn Is Racist Trash.† Readings On The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Katie de Koster, ed. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 1998.

Jew in a Christian society Essay

Miss Daisy is a 72 year old widow living alone. She is a woman of strong will and values her independence. After having an accident backing out of her garage, her son, Boolie, insists on hiring a driver for her. Daisy resists this wish as she wants to be in control of her own life. Boolie is 40 years old and has taken over his father’s printing company. Boolie takes good care of his mother, but sometimes neglects to take into account her feelings. When he disagrees with her, he will generally override her opinion without thinking about what she wants or why she wants it. Boolie hires Hoke Coleburn to be Miss Daisy’s driver. Hoke is a 60 year old, African American. He is extremely patient with Miss Daisy despite her prejudice and stubborn behavior. Hoke is willing to stand up for himself when he feels his dignity is at stake. Both, Daisy and Hoke have preconceived notions about race. They are both very stubborn but have different ways of expressing it. Daisy verbally protests, as she did when Boolie hired Hoke. Hoke doesn’t verbalize his protests, but will take firm action. Daisy makes demands and Hoke ignores them and continues on his chosen path. The relationships that exist between Daisy and Hoke is that of employer/employee. In the position of employer, Miss Daisy maintains power over Hoke and controls his environment. She is also white, which provides an even greater sense of power, particularly in the south in the 1940s and 1950s. Miss Daisy doesn’t trust Hoke or any blacks for that matter. Miss Daisy has deep seated prejudice but does not acknowledge it, as it is simply part of her society. As an independent, educated, white Jewish woman in the south, Daisy is a formidable force. Hoke is a black, uneducated, unemployed man in the south. Daisy’s life is changing however. She has become physically vulnerable due to age. Socially she is a Jew in a predominantly Christian society. When Boolie hires Hoke as her driver, Miss Daisy loses her independence and she is dependent on Hoke for transportation. In this moment, Boolie demonstrates that he has become a decision maker for Daisy. Although he cares for his mother, by not listening to her or taking her feelings into account, he is losing her trust. Daisy finds herself thrust into a position where she must be cared for by people she doesn’t trust (Hoke). She is no longer making her own decisions. Being placed in a position of vulnerability, and not being able to trust those who care for you, Daisy struggles with her position. When Daisy first meets Hoke, she dislikes him, both because he is African American and because she resents his presence in her home. However, Miss Daisy and Hoke do form a relationship and do in fact become friends. They share something in common. They are both aging and both have some vulnerability in the environment in which they coexist, Daisy as a Jew and Hoke as an African American. Though their relationship is strained at the beginning, they do take steps that promote closeness and trust. They share crucial similarities, yet their differences allow them the opportunity to learn from each other and enrich their lives. Hoke and Daisy are dependent on each other. Daisy needs to be able to get around and Hoke needs employment. It takes Daisy some time to succumb to the pressure of Boolie and allow Hoke to drive her somewhere, but she finally gives in. Daisy tries to maintain the upper hand on this drive, telling Hoke where to drive, where to turn, even when she has simply forgotten or age has challenged her memory. Hoke, rather than challenging her, does what he needs to do and allows her to believe she is right. Hoke does â€Å"listen† to Daisy, and understands her needs. He is honest with her when needed, but always in a quiet and respectful manner. He is loyal to her. He is there for her when her son, Boolie, is not. Hoke demonstrates his loyalty and friendship when he drives to her home on the night of an ice storm, when the road were slick, because he knows she is alone. Daisy allows Hoke to share intimate moments of her life, a sign of trust. When Hoke drives her to the cemetery, Daisy realizes that Hoke cannot read. Daisy teaches him to read and provides to Hoke a new status in the world, while Hoke teaches the her about human rights and wrongs. Their trip to Mobile, they both open up and share intimate stories with each other, the kind you only share with a friend. On this trip, Hoke also realizes how much Daisy needs him and is afraid to be without him. This â€Å"otherness† helped Daisy and Hoke to form a meaningful, lasting friendship that is mutually beneficial. Daisy strengthens Hoke’s inner world, giving him access to the world that she has known and the one that will bring greater self-respect, such as a steady income, a car, and the ability to read. Hoke strengthens Daisy’s outer world, helping her to become a better person, one who can move beyond her proscribed point of view and embrace concepts, such as civil rights, that will bring positive change to others. Boolie, though a competent business man, is challenged in his own right. Concerned by the racial inequalities in the business world and the perception of him by others, remains vulnerable. He has exerted power over his mother, making decisions for her, but maintains a great deal of responsibility for the family business that he has been entrusted with. Boolie is stressed, trying to maintain a business that his father had created and trying to care for his mother. Great relationships were established through the story of â€Å"Driving Miss Daisy. † The underlying issue of trust, on Miss Daisy’s part, had an impact on their relationship. She didn’t want to trust Hoke. It wasn’t natural for her to do so. Her continual questioning of the value of Hoke’s life and others like him (blacks), served as a reminder to him that he was subservient. Hoke persevered, and won her heart, despite the color of his skin and the lack of education. Hoke became her best friend. He was there when no one else was. He listened to her. Through his actions, Hoke became a leader, teaching Daisy the value of their relationship and the value of people, no matter their color of skin. He did this by being honest, respectful, and responding to her needs. He was her best friend. Boolie, though a responsible and caring man, could have furthered his relationship with his mother. He could have and should have listened to her concerns and worked with her to find answers that were meaningful for her. Daisy could have empowered Boolie and Hoke to make better decisions by communicating in a way that acknowledged their concerns and demonstrated her needs as well. Boolie’s focus was on his business and the business community. Daisy could have acknowledged that it must be difficult to take over your father’s business, particularly as a Jew in a Christian society. The discrimination that occurred among all of them, black or Jew, was a common element that could have strengthened their relationships and their ties with the world around them. The relationships they shared were hampered by their lack of belief and trust in the other and their lack of communication. Daisy was failing and prejudiced against the blacks. Hoke was uneducated and prejudiced, although in a positive way, against the Jews. Boolie had his mind made up about what was right and good for his mother, despite her wishes. Given the situation and the time that this story occurred in, each of the characters has equally believable parts and an equally believable resolution. Each of them could have seen benefits from further trust and communication.

4th Amendmant and Probable Cause

In the United States, the police must, whenever practicable, obtain advance judicial approval of searches and seizures through the appropriate warrant procedure. In most instances, failure to comply with the warrant requirement can only be excused by exigent circumstances. There should be circumstances sufficient to warrant a prudent man to believe that the person stopped had committed or was committing an offense. Intrusions upon constitutionally guaranteed rights must be based on more than unarticulated hunches, and simple good faith on part of the officer is not enough. The facts should prove reasonable inferences derived from unusual conduct. A person may assert violation of his Fourth Amendment rights in connection with search or seizure only if he can demonstrate a legitimate expectation of privacy in the area searched or items seized. To establish, for Fourth Amendment purposes, a legitimate expectation of privacy in area searched or items seized, defendants must demonstrate: (1) subjective expectation of privacy; and (2) that this expectation is one that society is prepared to recognize as objectively reasonable. Under Fourth Amendment, police are authorized to conduct a warrantless protective pat-down of individuals they encounter in the field so long as their concerns are justified by reasonable suspicion of possible danger. Under the Fourth Amendment, police may execute warrantless searches incident to a lawful arrest, as it is reasonable for authorities to search an arrestee for weapons that might threaten their safety, or for evidence which might be destroyed. The United States Supreme Court has explicitly determined that a person has no reasonable expectation of privacy in an automobile belonging to another. Though the passenger does not have a standing to challenge the search of car that he does not own, he can still challenge the lawfulness of his own detention when the car is stopped at a drug interdiction checkpoint, and therefore, he can seek to suppress any evidence seized as fruit of his allegedly illegal detention. Even assuming that drug interdiction checkpoint was legal, such that the officers did not violate the passenger’s Fourth Amendment rights by stopping the vehicle in which he was riding, a passenger’s detention was held to be independent and separate from officers’ discovery of drugs during the search of the vehicle’s driver/owner consensual search of the vehicle. The stop and search of a moving automobile can be made without a warrant but, automobile or no automobile, there must be probable cause for the search. Probable cause to search exists when there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. Standards of â€Å"reasonable suspicion† and â€Å"probable cause,† as used to evaluate constitutionality of investigative stops and searches, are not readily, or even usefully, reduced to a neat set of legal rules but rather are common sense, non- technical conceptions that deal with factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent persons, not legal technicians, act. Standards are fluid concepts that take their substantive content from particular contexts in which standards are being assessed. The United States Supreme Court held that brief, suspicion-less seizures at highway checkpoints for the purposes of combating drunk driving and intercepting illegal immigrants were constitutional. The Fourth Amendment requires that searches and seizures be reasonable. A search and seizure is ordinarily unreasonable in the absence of individualized suspicion of wrongdoing. When officers have reasonable suspicion that occupants of a vehicle are engaged in criminal activity, they may briefly stop the vehicle to investigate. Police may make an investigative stop of a vehicle when they have reasonable suspicion of an ongoing crime, whether it be a felony or misdemeanor, including drunk driving in jurisdictions where that is a criminal offense. Police may also make a stop when they have reasonable suspicion of a completed felony, though not of a mere completed misdemeanor. The court in various cases held that for purposes of determining whether an investigatory stop is justified by reasonable suspicion, the following instances may be taken in to account, as the traffic violation of failure to stay within lanes, a driver’s slowing down, stiffening of posture, and failure to acknowledge a sighted law enforcement officer might well be unremarkable in one instance, such as a busy San Francisco highway, while quite unusual in another, such as a remote portion of rural southeastern Arizona. But a brief veering out of a lane of travel on a windy day does not give probable cause to the police to stop the vehicle. In making reasonable-suspicion determinations, reviewing courts must look at the totality of the circumstances of each case to see whether the detaining officer has a particularized and objective basis for suspecting legal wrongdoing. â€Å"Totality of the circumstances† approach to making reasonable-suspicion determinations allows officers to draw on their own experience and specialized training to make inferences from and deductions about the cumulative information available to them that might well elude an untrained person. Although an officer’s reliance on a mere â€Å"hunch† is insufficient to justify an investigatory stop, the likelihood of criminal activity need not rise to the level required for probable cause, and it falls considerably short of satisfying a preponderance of the evidence standard. Although the concept of reasonable suspicion required to justify an investigatory stop is somewhat abstract, the United States Supreme Court has deliberately avoided reducing it to a neat set of legal rules. In determining whether individualized suspicion is required to support a stop of a motorist’s vehicle, the United States Supreme Court considered the nature of the interests threatened and their connection to the particular law enforcement practices at issue. The Court is particularly reluctant to recognize exceptions to the general rule of individualized suspicion where governmental authorities primarily pursue their general crime control ends. While subjective intentions on the part of police officers play no role in ordinary, probable-cause Fourth Amendment analysis, checkpoint stops may be relevant to the validity of Fourth Amendment intrusions undertaken pursuant to a general scheme without individualized suspicion. The United States Supreme Court determined that checkpoints set up for general crime prevention, including drug interdiction, do not pass constitutional muster under the Fourth Amendment. The United States Supreme Court noted that checkpoint cases only limited exceptions to the general rule that a seizure must be accompanied by some measure of individualized suspicion. An Anatomy of a Criminal Trial Most criminal trials follow a uniform set of procedures. The many rituals associated with modern trials have developed over centuries. America’s common law heritage makes it possible for all states and the federal government to follow a largely uniform set of procedures. Assuming that the trial is carried out to completion, those procedures are as follows: Decision on judge or jury. The defense decides whether it wants the case tried by a judge or a jury (the prosecution can’t require a jury trial). Jury selection. If the trial will be held before a jury, the defense and prosecution select the jury through a question and answer process called â€Å"voir dire. † In federal courts and many state courts, the judge carries out this process using questions suggested by the attorneys as well as questions that the judge comes up with on his or her own. Evidence issues. The defense and prosecution request the court, in advance of trial, to admit or exclude certain evidence. These requests are called motions â€Å"in limine. † Opening statements. The prosecution and then the defense make opening statements to the judge or jury. These statements provide an outline of the case that each side expects to prove. Because neither side wants to look foolish to the jury, the attorneys are careful to promise only what they think they can deliver. In some cases the defense attorney reserves opening argument until the beginning of the defense case. Prosecution case-in-chief. The prosecution presents its main case through direct examination of prosecution witnesses by the prosecutor. Cross-examination. The defense may cross-examine the prosecution witnesses. Redirect. The prosecution may re-examine its witnesses. Prosecution rests. The prosecution finishes presenting its case. Motion to dismiss (optional). The defense may move to dismiss the charges if it thinks that the prosecution has failed to produce enough evidence — even if the jury believes it — to support a guilty verdict. Denial of motion to dismiss. Almost always, the judge denies the defense motion to dismiss. Defense case-in-chief. The defense presents its main case through direct examination of defense witnesses. Cross-examination. The prosecutor cross-examines the defense witnesses. Redirect. The defense re-examines the defense witnesses. Defense rests. The defense finishes presenting its case. Prosecution rebuttal. The prosecutor offers evidence to refute the defense case. Settling on jury instructions. The prosecution and defense get together with the judge and craft a final set of instructions that the judge will give the jury. Prosecution closing argument. The prosecution makes its closing argument, summarizing the evidence as the prosecution sees it, and explaining why the jury should render a guilty verdict. Defense closing argument. The defense makes its closing argument, summarizing the evidence as the defense sees it, and explaining why the jury should render a not guilty verdict — or at least a guilty verdict on a lesser charge. Prosecution rebuttal. The prosecution has the last word, if it chooses to do so, and again argues that the jury has credible evidence that supports a finding of guilty. Jury instructions. The judge instructs the jury about what law to apply to the case and how to carry out its duties. (Some judges â€Å"preinstruct† juries, reciting instructions before closing argument or even at the outset of trial. ) Jury deliberations. The jury deliberates and tries to reach a verdict. Most states require unanimous agreement, but Oregon and Louisiana allow convictions with only 10 of 12 votes. Post-trial motions. If the jury produces a guilty verdict, the defense often makes post-trial motions requesting the judge to override the jury and either grant a new trial or acquit the defendant. Denial of post-trial motions. Almost always, the judge denies the defense post-trial motions. Sentencing. Assuming a conviction (a verdict of â€Å"guilty†), the judge either sentences the defendant on the spot or sets sentencing for another day. To read and printout a copy of the Form please link below. Checklist: Documents Your Attorney Will Need Be Sociable, Share! Twitter Facebook email StumbleUpon Delicious Google Reader LinkedIn BlinkList Digg Google Bookmarks Myspace Post to Twitter

Is Macbeth a Tragedy?

A tragedy is often thought of as a sad, pitiful event. The factors used to label an event as tragic are the consequences and the lasting effects. For example, the consequences of one or more deaths can be seen as a tragedy. And tragedies are often remembered long after the event, clearly impacting the future for those involved. Many people interpret events such as a natural disaster, a death of a loved one, or a permanent disability as tragic. However, others say that this definition of a tragedy is incorrect and is misused in modern conversation. The people who think this way use the word tragedy to define literature.The literary definition of the word requires more careful consideration of the character and the overall effect of the play. In this literary sense, tragedy is defined by following four characteristics: first, the story must arouse pity and fear in the audience and/or reader; second, the story must call into question the man’s relationship with God; third, the tr agic figure must be capable of great suffering, be highly sensitive, and possess a tragic flaw which leads to his/her own destruction; and fourth, in the end, the character becomes aware that his own flaw has doomed him, but he is powerless to prevent his inevitable destruction.These characteristics have been used by many people to determine whether pieces of literature are considered a tragedy. For example, using these characteristics, the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is considered a tragedy. Macbeth is a tragedy because the play has all the characteristics in the literary definition of a tragedy. Macbeth definitely arouses pity and fear in the audience/reader. The very first scene in the play instills fear in us audience members. The play opens in a wild and lonely place in medieval Scotland.Three witches enter, and in their cackling voices, they prophesize about the events that will happen in the future. For example, the witches predict that they will meet with the protago nist Macbeth â€Å"when the hurlyburly’s done, when the battle’s lost and won† (1. 1. 3-4). The witches are speaking of the civil war, which they say will end that day. They also say they will meet with Macbeth, one of the generals. These supernatural happenings start the play off with eeriness, stirring up fear in the audience. Additionally, pity is roused in the audience. The author creates sympathy for Macbeth by giving him a good quality: his courage.In the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a brave and loyal soldier who fights for his king and his country. Macbeth has â€Å"unseamed [a traitor of the king] from the nave to the chops and fixed his head upon [the] battlements† (1. 2. 24-25). When the king, named Duncan, hears this news, he describes Macbeth as a â€Å"valiant cousin! [and] worthy gentleman! † (1. 2. 26). We start to pity Macbeth from the moment he meets the witches. Once the witches have prophesized that Macbeth will become Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland, Macbeth begins to have dark thoughts of killing the king.However, the thought of killing the king is abhorrent to him, and the â€Å"horrid image doth unfix [his] hair and make [his] seated heart knock at [his] ribs† (1. 3. 156-157). This shows that Macbeth is very reluctant to take any action towards him becoming king. We audience members feel sorry for Macbeth as he is tempted by the prospect of becoming king but at the price of murdering a man that had been very good and generous to him. We pity Macbeth as he struggles with his morals and his conscience saying that â€Å"as [he] is [Duncan’s] kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then, as his host, [he] should†¦not bear the knife† (1. . 14-17). However, in the end, Macbeth’s â€Å"vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other† (1. 7. 28-29) wins and he gives in to his evil urges. So wi th Lady Macbeth’s urging, Macbeth murders Duncan. Before the murder, Macbeth has such a troubled conscience that he hallucinates. He sees â€Å"a dagger†¦before [him], the handle toward [his] hand† (2. 1. 42-43) leading him to Duncan. We audience members also pity Macbeth because after he does the deed, he thoroughly regrets it. He shows this by saying if he had â€Å"died and hour before this chance, [he would have] lived a blessed time† (2. . 103-104). Without a doubt, the play arouses fear and pity in the audience. In addition to arousing pity and fear in the audience, the play calls into question man’s relationship with God. At the start of the play, Macbeth’s relationship with God is good. Macbeth fought nobly and courageously for a good cause, defeating the traitor to the king. Similarly, at the end of the play, Young Siward also fights nobly and dies for a good cause, defeating Macbeth. For this reason, Young Siward is described as â₠¬Å"God’s soldier† (5. 8. 55). Therefore, Macbeth could also be described as â€Å"God’s soldier† (5. . 55) up until he murders Duncan. As the King of Scotland, Duncan can be viewed as God. By killing Duncan, Macbeth has killed God. As a result, Macbeth has become the opposite of God, the devil. From this point on, Macbeth’s relationship with God is bad. At the scene of the murder, Macbeth could not say â€Å"Amen. † After committing a terrible crime, he â€Å"had most need of blessing, and ‘Amen’ stuck in [his] throat† (2. 2. 47-48). These events show that Macbeth’s relationship with God is questionable, which is one of the characteristics of a tragedy in literature.Another characteristic of a literary tragedy is that the tragic figure must be capable of great suffering. The tragic figure in this play is Macbeth. Macbeth certainly suffers from his conscience and guilt throughout the play. After murdering Duncan, Mac beth is so remorseful that he states that if he were â€Å"to know [his] deed, ‘twere best not know [him]self† (2. 2. 95). This means that in order for Macbeth to come to terms with what he has done, he must forget about his conscience. However, Macbeth cannot forget about his conscience and suffers from it. For example, Macbeth believes that â€Å"to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus† (3. . 52-53). He feels that being king is worthless unless his position as king is safe. Macbeth is afraid that his position is not safe, but is endangered by Banquo, whose kingly qualities make him a threat. Thus, Macbeth murders Banquo. Nevertheless, Macbeth continues to suffer from his conscience. When he learns that Banquo’s son Fleance has escaped from the murderers, he now becomes â€Å"cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fears† (3. 4. 31-32). This is because the witches predicted that Banquo’s son would be a king in the futur e, which would put Macbeth’s position as king at risk.Macbeth’s guilt prevents him from fully enjoying his ill-gotten position as king. For example, Macbeth is visited by the ghost of Banquo. Suffering from guilt, Macbeth nearly reveals the truth that he killed Duncan. Afraid her husband will reveal too much, Lady Macbeth tells the guests that Macbeth often has these fits. When the guests start to ask questions, Lady Macbeth tells them Macbeth â€Å"grows worse and worse; question enrages him. At once, good night†¦go at once† (3. 4. 146-150). These examples of Macbeth suffering from his conscience show that Macbeth is capable of great suffering.Besides being capable of great suffering, the tragic figure must be highly sensitive. Macbeth, as the tragic figure, is portrayed as a sensitive character. From the beginning of the play, Macbeth has been sensitive. Just the horrid notion of murdering Duncan â€Å"unfix[es] [Macbeth’s] hair and make[s] [his] seated heart knock at [his] ribs† (1. 3. 156-157). Macbeth becomes even more sensitive after his terrible crime of killing the king. When Lady Macbeth orders Macbeth to take the bloodied daggers back to Duncan’s room, Macbeth replies, â€Å"I’ll go no more.I am afraid to think what I have done; Look on’t again I dare not† (2. 2. 69-71). Also after the murder, Macbeth has become sensitive to every little sound. When someone is knocking at the gate, Macbeth wonders â€Å"whence is that knocking? † and realizes that â€Å"every noise appals [him]† (2. 2. 78-79). In addition to being frightened by sounds, Macbeth is also frightened by sights. For example, when Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, he becomes so terrified that his â€Å"cheeks [are] blanched with fear† (3. 4. 143-144). Each of these occasions demonstrates the sensitivity of Macbeth.Macbeth, the tragic figure, also possesses a tragic flaw which leads to his own destruct ion. Macbeth’s fatal flaw is his trust and confidence in the words of the witches. After the witches tell Macbeth that he will become Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland, Macbeth begins to lust for power. If he had not heard the witches’ prophesy, his â€Å"vaulting ambition† would not have â€Å"prick[ed] the sides of [his] intent† (1. 7. 27-28). Without his ambition, Macbeth would have had no reason to murder Duncan because Duncan â€Å"hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so clear in his great office† (1. . 18-19). Macbeth reminds himself that Duncan is such a good person and has never abused his royal powers so there is no possible reason for his murder except for Macbeth’s own driving ambition. Macbeth is ambitious and wants to become more powerful. Thus, he kills Duncan and takes the crown for himself. Next, Macbeth murders Banquo and attempts to murder Fleance because he trusts the witches’ words that Banquo â€Å"shalt get kings† (1. 3. 74), meaning that Banquo’s son Fleance will be the king in the future. The witches also tell Macbeth that â€Å"none of woman born shall harm [him]† (4. 1. 1-92) and he will never be vanquished â€Å"until Great Birnam Wood to high Dusinane Hill shall come against him† (4. 1. 107-108). Macbeth’s flaw in believing these words leads to his downfall. Macbeth, power-hungry and overconfident, considers himself invincible. However, the witches’ words have cause Macbeth to become too overconfident and he is taken by surprise when a man named Macduff, born by Caesarean section, leads soldiers disguised as â€Å"a moving grove† (5. 5. 42) to Dunsinane. Because Macbeth believed the witches in that he was invincible, he did not expect the words to have a double meaning.Consequently, Macbeth is killed by Macduff who was â€Å"from his mother’s womb untimely ripped† (5. 8. 19-20). Without a doubt, Macbeth’s trust in the words of the witches has led to his ambition and overconfidence, which, in turn, led to his own destruction. Macbeth definitely becomes aware that this flaw has doomed him, but he is powerless to prevent his inevitable destruction. He first becomes aware that his trust in witches’ words has doomed him when a messenger reports that a moving wood is coming to Dunsinane. Macbeth begins â€Å"to doubt the equivocation of the fiend† (5. . 48) and fears that the witches have tricked him. He also realizes that he is powerless to prevent his inevitable destruction. This is shown when Macbeth says â€Å"there is no flying hence nor tarrying here† (5. 5. 53) and decides to face death â€Å"with harness on [his] back† (5. 5. 57). Macbeth also become further aware of his doom when he comes across a man named Macduff who was â€Å"from his mother’s womb untimely ripped† (5. 8. 19-20) by a Caesarean section. He realizes that the â€Å"juggling fiends† have tricked him â€Å"in a double sense† (5. 8. 23-24).Macbeth’s trust in the witches leads him to believe that he is invincible, but when he discovers that the witches are not to be trusted, there is nothing he can do to prevent his destruction. Even though Macbeth knows all hope is gone, he decides to fight to the death and â€Å"will try the last† (5. 8. 37). In the end, Macbeth has been killed, and the rightful heir to the throne takes his place. These occurrences fulfill the last requirement for the play Macbeth to be a tragedy. As a result of all the characteristics being met, there is no question that Macbeth is a tragedy.The play arouses pity and fear in the audience and calls into question man’s relationship with God. The tragic figure Macbeth is capable of great suffering, is highly sensitive, and possesses a tragic flaw which leads to his destruction. And in the end, Macbeth becomes aware that his flaw has do omed him, but he is powerless to prevent his unavoidable destruction. Due to the characteristics described previously, Macbeth is definitely a tragedy. Even modern day conversationalists, who misuse the word tragedy, would have to agree that Macbeth is undeniably a literary tragedy!

Aeon History

History Company JAYA JUSCO is set up in Malaysia In 1984, Jaya Jusco Stores Sdn. Bhd. was established in Malaysia, in response to the Malaysian Prime Minister Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir's request to help modernize thee retail industry in Malaysia using the world's most advanced management expertise. Dr. Mahathir believed that the modernization of the retail industry was crucial for the country's economic growth. Prior to this, in 1983 Dr. Mahathir visited Tokyo and met the then JUSCO Co. , Ltd. President, Mr. Takuya Okada to discuss the proposition of bringing the JUSCO name to Malaysia. The talks ended on a positive note and Dr.Mahathir invited JUSCO to set up store in Malaysia. All this was part of Dr. Mahathir's Look East policy for Malaysia. Year| Description| 1984| JAYA JUSCO STORES SDN BHD established, in response to a request from Prime Minister Y. A. B. Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad, to help modernize the retailing industry in Malaysia. | 1985| The first pilot store, JAYA J USCO Dayabumi, opened. The second pilot store, JAYA JUSCO Taman Tun Dr. Ismail opened. | 1989| JAYA JUSCO Dayabumi closed. The first Superstore, JAYA JUSCO Taman Maluri, opened. | 1991| JUSCO Melaka was opened and fully operated by Malaysian staff. The ?ON Group's â€Å"Hometown Forest† programme was launched simultaneously at the inauguration of JUSCO Melaka. | 1992| JUSCO Wangsa Maju (Alpha Angle Shopping Centre), our first Shopping Centre, opened. | 1994  | Our Distribution Centre began operations. Japanese Trainee Programme begun. | 1995  | JAYA JUSCO Taman Tun Dr. Ismail closed. JUSCO Bandar Utama (1 Utama Shopping Centre) opened. JUSCO Bandar Baru Klang (Bukit Raja Shopping Centre) opened. | 1996| JAYA JUSCO STORES BHD was listed on the Main Board of the KLSE. | 1997| JUSCO Ipoh (Kinta City Shopping Centre) opened. | 1998  | JUSCO Melaka Shopping Centre reopened. 1999| JUSCO Mid Valley opened. | 2000| JUSCO Taman Maluri Shopping Centre re-opened. JUSCO Bandar Puch ong opened. | 2001| Launch of WAOH Charity Fund / JUSCO Fest / JUSCO's 17th Anniversary. 22 Malaysian students and 2 former participants from the 1990 batch were invited to Japan as ‘Ambassadors ‘through the ? ON â€Å"1% Club† Programmer. | 2002| Establishment of JUSCO-OUM Retail Centre in Alpha Angle Shopping Centre, at Wangsa Maju. JUSCO Taman University opened, Japan Management Training Programmed reactivated. | 2003  | WAOH Charity Bazaar. JUSCO Home Centre opened in 1 Utama Shopping Centre. ,000 seedlings were planted in the vicinity of the JUSCO Permas Jaya store as part of ? ON's environmental campaign, ‘Planting Seeds of Growth'. JUSCO Permas Jaya Shopping Centre opened. | 2004  | JUSCO Metro Prima Tree Planting Ceremony was held. 2,000 seedlings were planted. JUSCO Metro Prima Shopping Centre opened. WAOH Charity Fund officially registered as the â€Å"WAOH† Malaysian JUSCO Foundation. Company authorized share capital increased from RM10 0,000,000 to RM500,000,000. JAYA JUSCO STORES BHD. officially changed name to AEON CO. (M) BHD. JUSCO celebrated 20th Anniversary in Malaysia with Gala Dinner.Official launch of â€Å"WAOH† Malaysian JUSCO Foundation. 30,000 seedlings planted in the Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forest, AEON Woodland, Paya Indah Wetlands. Completed Bonus Issue (1:1) for 87,750,000 new Ordinary Shares. | 2005  | AEON CO. (M) BHD. received a certificate of appreciation from the Prime Minister for its tree planting activities. Charity Gala Dinner was held. The management of AEON CO. (M) BHD. met with the Mentri Besar of Negeri Sembilan, Y. A. B. Datuk Seri Utama Hj Mohamad Bin Hj Hasan. JUSCO Seremban 2 Tree Planting ceremony was held. 3,300 seedlings were planted. JUSCO Seremban 2 opened.JUSCO J-One Supermarket opened at Damansara Damai. AEON Tebrau City Tree Planting ceremony was held. 6,000 seedlings were planted. | 2006  | AEON Tebrau City Shopping Centre opened. Change of financial year end . AEON Taman Equine Tree Planting ceremony was held. 4,000 seedlings were planted. AEON Taman Equine Shopping Centre opened. PASAR RAYA D'HATI (formerly known as J-One) Supermarket in Pearl Point opened. AEON Cheras Selatan Tree Planting ceremony was held. 4,000 seedlings were planted. WAOH Gala Dinner held. JUSCO Queensbay store opened. AEON Cheras Selatan Shopping Centre opened. 2007| PASAR RAYA D'HATI name change ceremony held at Pearl Point Shopping Mall. | 2008  | Completed Bonus Issue (1:1) for 175,500,000 new Ordinary Shares. AEON Careline was launched. AEON Seberang Prai City Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. JUSCO Seberang Prai City (AEON Seberang Prai City Shopping Centre) opened. Taman Asuhan Kanak-Kanak Asahi (TAKA) at Bandar Puchong Jaya opened. 24th Anniversary Tree Planting at AEON Woodland. 2,400 saplings were planted. AEON AU2 Setiawangsa Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 4,600 saplings were planted.JUSCO AU2 Seti awangsa (AEON AU2 Setiawangsa Shopping Centre) opened. AEON Bukit Indah Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,000 saplings wereplanted. JUSCO Bukit Indah (AEON Bukit Indah Shopping Centre) opened. | 2009  | Pasar Raya MaxValu Pearl Point closed. 25th Anniversary Tree Planting Ceremony at AEON Woodland. 25,000 saplings planted. AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 2,000 saplings were planted. | 2010  | â€Å"With All Our Hearts† Malaysia JUSCO Foundation changed name to Malaysia AEON Foundation. JUSCO Bandaraya Melaka (AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre) opened.AEON Mahkota Cheras Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,000 saplings were planted. JUSCO Mahkota Cheras (AEON Mahkota Cheras Shopping Centre) opened. | 2011  | JUSCO Bandar Utama reopened. AEON Rawang Anggun Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. JUSCO Rawang (AEON Rawang Anggun Shopping Centre) opened. Disposal of Smart Wonder World (SWW) amu sement business completed. | 2012  | AEON Ipoh Station 18 Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. AEON unveiled the new brand name â€Å"AEON† and tagline â€Å"AEON Enriching Your Lifestyle†.Card rebranded to AEON Member Card. AEON Ipoh Station 18 (AEON Ipoh Station 18 Shopping Centre) opened. | Social responsibilities Social responsibility  is an ethical  or theory that an  entity, be itan  organization  or  individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem. A trade-off always exists between economic development, in the material sense, and the welfare of the society and environment.Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium between the two. It pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone who’sany action impacts the environ ment. Ethical Issues Ethics, also known as  moral philosophy, is a branch of  philosophy  that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term comes from the Greek word  ethos, which means â€Å"character†. Ethics is a complement to Aesthetics  in the philosophy field of Axiology. In philosophy, ethics studies the moral behaviour in humans, and how one should act.Ethics may be divided into four major areas of study. Introduction At AEON, we believe a green environment is the basis for a better life, as such we have developed a comprehensive ecology programme to address the global warming issue and aim to significantly eliminate carbon dioxide (CO? ) emissions. To create higher environmental awareness and educate younger generations on the importance of environment protection, we have involved the participation of various parties, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), government agencies and other communities, in eve ry programme initiated by the company Green Initiatives Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forestry at Paya Indah Wetlands * On 13 September 2004, AEON held a special dinner in gloryof Tun Dr. Mahathir bin. Mohamad, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad was invited to sign a plaque, together with Mr Takuya Okada, for the launching of the Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forest. This tabletwas placed at the forest site, which was named the AEON Woodland, a special area about eight hectares set aside in Paya Indah Wetlands. * Aeon Green Fund AEON Green Fund was established in-conjunction with the â€Å"No Plastic Bag Day Every Saturday† campaign. Customers requesting plastic bags on Saturdays will be charged 20 cents for each plastic bag. The fee will serve as a deterrent to shoppers against the use of plastic bags. Proceeds charged on the plastic bags will go to the Green Fund which supports all AEON's environmental and corporate social responsibility activities. * Aeon Eco Fair 2010 * AEON Co. (M) BHD had launched an eco-event called ‘Eco Fair 2010' on 20 April 2010 at AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre.The main purpose of this event is to educate and inspire the general public and the community about the importance of sustainable practices. Green Award * Green Leadership Award 2010 * AEON won the Green Leadership Award at the Asia Responsible Entrepreneurship Awards (AREA) held in Kuala Lumpur. The award recognizes AEON for their environment protection efforts through the ‘Planting Seeds of Growth'. Reduction in Energy Consumption' and recycling campaigns. AEON planted more than 400,000 saplings in 25 years with the ‘Planting Seeds of Growth' activity which is now a tradition that follows the opening of each new store.They reduced energy consumption by installing inverter systems in their offices and outlets and also encourage recycling by establishing AEON Community Recycling Centres (CRC). AEON pledges its commitmen t to uphold corporate social responsibilities in Malaysia. The company has always been perceptive towards conserving the environment for the sake of future generations and will continue endorsing the importance of a greener tomorrow. Green Awareness * IGEM 2010 * The Tree of Life, moulded from corrugated box material and standing proudly in the centre on the booth, is designed to reflect AEON's ecological work towards preserving nature.With AEON's core philosophy of ‘Planting Seeds of Growth', the tree not only represents seeds that have reached their potential, but highlights how trees sustain life by moderating the climate, providing a wildlife habitat and improving air quality. To remind IGEM 2010 visitors of this philosophy, a free packet of seeds is available to take home when they make a pledge on the Tree of Hope. The AEON Chairman Dato’ Abdullah b. Mohd. Yusof He are pleased to present AEON Credit Service (M) Berhad (AEON Credit) Annual Reportand Audited Financi al Statements for the financial year ended 20 February 2012.When the slower growth in global economy in 2011, the Malaysian economy remained resilient with sustained growth in domestic demand supported by mainly higher expenditure from the public sector along with growth in both business andhousehold spending in an environment of continued positive consumer sentiment. Planning The meaning of planning is the process of thinking about, organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal and developing plans to integrate. Planning is also called forethought. Planning involves the creation and maintenance of a plan.As such, planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. In the organization creation and maintenance of a plan is very important. This is because the manager in the organization have creativity that mean that the manager ability to develop new idea and to discover new way of looking at problem and opportunity. Develop the new idea is the proses activity to the manager become successful to managerial the employee to become creative and behavior to an organization. In the Aeon Corporation manager is very successful moving from an idea to an organization to become the bigger market in Melaka.Aeon Corporation is using the classifying manager tools managerial the employee. The top manager is making organization – wide decision and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. After, the top managers making decision with past to middle manager to managerial the first – line manager. Middle manager past to first – line manager to managerial the non-managerial employee. All the employee in Aeon Corporation very honest and ethic is because they have a top manager to share their conceptual skill to think all the best toward the organization goals.After that, middle manager will share their human skill to work with other people. After thought, first – line manager will share technical skill show ed their knowledge to employee. Aeon Corporation management is very successful in coordinating and overseeing the work activities of other so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Besides that, follow management role to develop the best customer relationship and customer service. Organizing Organizing  is the act of rearranging  elements following one or more  rules or principle.In anything is commonly considered organized when it looks like everything has a correct order or placement. It's only ultimately organized if any element has no difference on time taken to find it. Not only can that, organizing also be defined as  to place different objects in logical arrangement for better searching. Organizations  are  groups  of people organized for some purpose, such as business or political activities. Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof the Aeon jusco chairman he regardless of how times may have changed, is to serve the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœCustomer Firs t ’.He always mindful of the three keywords which make up the essence and character of the retail industry and must be considered in any development:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpeace’,  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpeople’ and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcommunity’. Because ours is a person-to-person business and our existence is deeply intertwined with the people of the regions and societies in which we serve. These precepts remain the same wherever we do business, where we act as a contributing member of the local community. 2010 whiles the public sector. lly He is organizing the Accelerating Shopping Center Development and Aggressive Pursuit of GMS Stores.He organizes to establish a solid competitive position and achieve continuous growth. Accelerating Shopping Center Development is channel in the resources towards developing attractive, integrated commercial facilities which the customers can fully enjoy, such as regional shopping center and neighborhoods shopping center. This segment can also involve lea sing shopping space and facilities to tenants. The Aggressive Pursuit of GMS Stores is the General Merchandise Stores (GMS) in the Aeon Jusco with combine supermarkets and departmental stores under one roof to operate as full-line retailers.The Products was offered range from food and other daily necessities, apparel and household goods also include bedding and bathroom products to specialized products such as home appliances, sporting goods and cosmetics. The goal of the organization is to operate as an â€Å"international-scale retailing group†. The Aeon Jusco Chairman Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof to recognise for excellence not only in Japan also in other nations like Hong Kong and China. In the international recognition Aeon work to achieve is not only measure merely in quantifiable terms of size, growth and profitability.The chairman also hope to be competitive at the global level in intangible aspects such as can making the customer satisfaction and corporate ci tizenship. He dedicated to the idea of â€Å"quality management† to further enhance our capabilities. Leading ‘Leading' can comes from the metal-type when it typesetters inserted thin  strips  of  lead   to increase the spacing between lines. Then it for legibility or stylistic effects. Lines of normal text without leading are said to be set solid, and usually give a dense and dark  appearance  to the text block.The 5th batch of trainees who successfully completed the Japan Trainee Programmed returned to Malaysia on 17 January 2007. They are holding positions as leaders in their respective stores nationwide. In the Japan Trainee Programmer is designed to help selected leaders prepare for the every changing retail environment to overseas working conditions. One of the vital ways to increase their knowledge and skills in retailing to given them some experience in AEON Japan. This programmed also teaches them to be independent, in preparation for their future r oles as leaders in the Company.AEON also have publishes the AEON Business School to intense course for the benefit of merchandisers, store managers and deputy store managers was organized by AEON. AEON Business School to celebrate the successful completion in the course and in the special closing ceremony was held on 22 September 2006. Chairman Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof to train and develop new leaders from within the Company, AEON CO. (M) BHD. He has created a New Leader Development Program (NLDP). The Participants were asked to present a project that applied all the skills and knowledge they gained during the one-year course.He train the new leader to help the AEON future develop to accomplished the company goal. He has train the new leader to help to direct the staff working. He saying the â€Å"CUSTOMER FISRT’, uses the new leader to train the more quality staff. AEON CO. (M) BHD. Is organized a number of team-building activities to throughout the year to deve lop attitudes, motivation and unity within the Company. Team-building Program was also held for Blue Wave for the supervisors and assistant supervisors at Kem Bina Semangat Yayasan Selangor. To give them more experience to operate the manage line. ControllingControlling is the basic  management  function  of establishing  benchmarks  or standards, comparing actual  performance  against them, and taking  corrective action, if  required. Name AEON is derived from the Latin word which means ‘eternity'. JUSCO has become a household name in the Malaysians and has been growing together with our nation since its first presence in Malaysia. The slogan ‘Customer First' has always been the driving in the philosophy for the AEON group. Now, AEON CO. (M) BHDis moving towards globalization by taking on the global brand name for all its stores and shopping centers.It is also the perfect opportunity for AEON to further strengthen its position in the market and to esta blish a clear brand identity. AEON is organizing a press launch, series of campaign posters, TVC, radio contest, customer engagement activities, and special merchandise. Furthermore, AEON will introduce a new tagline, ‘AEON ENRICHING YOUR LIFESTYLE' to the public. The dynamic new brand name and logo are part of the company's strategy to increase its profile as a leading retailer in Malaysia, added by Dato' Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof, Chairman of AEON CO. M) BHD.. He believes that we have established the foundations not only for sustainable growth but also for excellence in delivering values and customer service to our customers. Dato' Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof, Chairman of AEON CO. (M) BHD to the entire one million J CARD holders. The member cards will be upgraded to the new AEON Member Card that retains some of the previous J CARD benefits plus some added new ones also including all existing accumulated points will be transferred to the new AEON Member Card.Every Members can repla ce their card at the AEON Member Card Customer Service Counter for FREE starting from 15 March 2012 – 30 April 2012. Nonetheless, new members can enjoy a new fee rate at RM24 for a 3 years membership. Besides, AEON stores will also undergo face lifting consistent with the new AEON corporate identity while still retaining the familiar JUSCO feel. All the JUSCO signage and pylon signage will be replaced in phases during the two years rebranding exercise. AEON is ambitious to improve our customer services.The various programs will be initiated in order to increase and upgrade the company's customer services to higher levels. We will ensure and strive to continuously provide our customers with improved and better services. Finally, we at AEON promise to continue deliver a great shopping experience that will enrich our customers' lifestyles. Opportunity In the consistent new growth and a vigorous program of constant renovation at existing market in the region. AEON MALL has now op ened its doors to retailers for the all esteemed organization to be a part of a large business opportunity in AEON MALL's in the future developments.In the well-established retail developer in Japan was rapidly developing in large scale shopping centers in South East Asia countries including Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia and even in China. we have arranged a solid business presentation about our expansion plans in these states. We are in charge of developing businesses and directly involved with the rapid emergence and operations over 60 shopping malls nations over. AEON MALL was looking ahead to aggressive shopping mall development as the AEON Group's core company was responsible to aim sustainable growth.In the same time, we find to strengthen initiatives that will accelerate the pace of openings and the development of sites for this endeavor. From the capacity to open new shopping on the listed countries is frightening. We are pursuing nonstop value improvement. By saying an â€Å"ALL NEW AEON MALL,†. We are making everything new also include renewing on hand shopping malls. This is reflected in the frequency of strong name that AEON MALL commands among many area store companies, which regularly name its malls as desired locations to shop and spend.We intend to open more malls in the near future, with a quickening of pace planned from time to time. Going forward, we will aggressively expand openings of our shopping malls tailored for commercial areas and expanding business opportunities. At accessible shopping malls, AEON MALL is hurrying renovation initiatives in order to increase earnings and achieve projection by enhancing the ability of these facilities to attract customers. Sales at the average shopping mall start to soften a few years after its start business. We will make constant adjustment to maintain the good looks of our malls to customers.In the strong economic growth in this region has also sparked positive economic opp ortunities that to us indicate the dawn of the age of the shopping mall. We intend to further expand our shopping mall development business even further, thereby enhance corporate value. We Regardless domestic or overseas in the AEON MALLs would and should be supported and beloved by local residents continuously. Developer versed in the retailing industry to aim build towns that are indispensible 50 years on or even 100 years into the future always see the things from the customer's standpoint.Finally, we will work on contributing to local communities, creating comfortable and safe shopping malls and even carrying out activities that will pass on a pretty environment to the next generation. We see real market potentials for the mall business for respectable entrepreneurs. In the our policy in going forward is primarily to gain a dominant position in the key markets of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia and China, while at the same time pursuing development ventures thro ughout the nation.We will also focus on developing new malls over other potential ASEAN region and aiming to increase the number of our facilities or more. Conclusion Aeon Corporation is the successful supermarket in Malaysia. This is because there have the good manager to develop the new idea to managerial the employee in the organization. So that the AEON corporation business also very successful increase every year. This nice results is not a manager have good skill to managerial people, employee also cooperation toward the organization goal can be accomplish.AEON Corporation is the good example to their managerial skill and the ability to do the better and think the good toward the organization. Although, management function such as, planning, organization, leading and controlling, this management function is an important way that show ability of manager can be successful or not to managerial the organization to become successful. But Aeon have today status, is because their man ager have conceptual skill to do all the best toward the organization. This past few year, we can see that the Aeon corporation income statement has beautiful number; it means that Aeon Corporation has earned money.In Melaka everyone will famous that the Aeon this bigger shopping Centre, this will prove the Aeon Corporation to improve their best attitude toward their customer. In the Malaysia normally people famous they think is the think that the customer wants to test it to satisfied their want and need. The best way for the one organization much have training class to all employee to improve himself knowledge to joint in the social and the best attitude to learn moral value to improve personal self-cultivation. Aeon corporation manager already doing the think right to showed their ability in the organization.REFERENCE 1. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012). History company. Retrieved 13 MARCH 2013, from aeonretail. com. my 2. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012 ). social responsibility. Retrieved 25 marc h 2013, from http://aeonretail. com. my/ 3. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012). Management function. Retrieved 20 march 2013, from aeonretail. com. my 4. Wikipedia (2009). AEON. Retrieved 24M ARCH 2013, from Wikipedia. org 5. AEONCR (2013). chairman statement. Annual report AEON 2012  (pp. 18-19). malaysia: AEON publisher credit service